كَانَ and its "sisters"
· كَانَ and its sisters are incomplete verbs that have special effects on the nominative sentence when they precede it.
· When any of these verbs precedes the nominal sentence, the subject (الْمُبْتَدَأُ) of that sentence is then called the noun of كَانَ (اسْمُ كَانَ) and remains in the nominative case (مَرْفُوعٌ) , the predicate of that subject (الْخَبَرُ) becomes the predicate of كَانَ (خَبَرُ كَانَ) or one of its sisters, and takes the accusative case .(مَنْصُوبٌ)
Ex. كَانَ الْمَطَرُ غَزِيرًا
الْمَطَرُ is the name of كَانَ and is then in the nominative caseغَزِيرًا is the predicate of كَانَ and is then in the accusative case.
The sisters of كَانَ are: أَصْبَحَ، أَضْحَى، أَمْسَى، ظَلَّ، بَاتَ، صَارَ، لَيْسَ، مَا بَرِحَ، مَا انْفَكَّ، مَا زَالَ، ما فَتِئَ، مَا دَامَ.